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Jumat, 19 Juni 2015
Kamis, 18 Juni 2015
(https://www.google.co.id/search?q=blended+learning&biw=1366&bih)
What is Blended Learning?
The definition of blended learning is a formal education
program in which a student learns:
(1) At least in part through online learning, with some
element of student control over time, place, path, and/or pace.
(2) At least in part
in a supervised brick-and-mortar location away from home.
(3) and the
modalities along each student’s learning path within a course or subject are
connected to provide an integrated learning experience.
Blended
learning provides great advantages in teaching learning process. One of its
advantages is the flexibility in administering the course. The teacher may
improve the quality of teaching learning process by encouraging students to do
some learning activity outside the classroom such as finding additional sources
and references on the internet and taking online quizzes or test.
Beside
the flexibility which is provided by blended learning, blended learning itself
has potent disadvantages. Blended learning needs massive internet connection in
its administration. If it is applied in school or region which has no adequate
internet connection, the blended learning will lose its role to improve the
quality of teaching learning process and eventually decrease the effectiveness
of language learning.
The
recommendation deal with the application of blended learning is teacher or
institution should prepare the infrastructure first. In term of blended
learning it needs stable and adequate internet connection. In case that the
school or institution cannot provide proper internet connection, they should
consider reducing the proportion of internet connection in teaching learning
process.
Minggu, 19 April 2015
Learn More About E-Learning
Learn More About E-Learning
E-learning
is electronic learning, and typically this means using a computer to deliver
part, or all of a course whether it's in a school, part of your mandatory
business training or a full distance learning course.
The
delivery of a learning, training or education program by electronic means.
E-learning involves the use of a computer or electronic device (e.g. a mobile
phone) in some way to provide training, educational or learning material.
(Derek Stockley 2003)
In
the early days it received a bad press, as many people thought bringing
computers into the classroom would remove that human element that some learners
need, but as time has progressed technology has developed, and now we embrace
smartphones and tablets in the classroom and office, as well as using a wealth
of interactive designs that makes distance learning not only engaging for the
users, but valuable as a lesson delivery medium.
Types of e-learning
There
are different ways to present eLearning. You can simplify your course creation
process by identifying up front the best way to present your material.
Traditional
eLearning – highly produced web courses
Rapid
eLearning – quickly produced web courses
Advantages of e-Learning
·
Class work can be scheduled around
personal and professional work.
·
Reduces travel cost and time to and
from school.
·
Learners may have the option to select
learning materials that meets their level of knowledge and interest.
·
Learners can study wherever they have
access to a computer and Internet.
·
Self-paced learning modules allow
learners to work at their own pace.
·
Flexibility to join discussions in the
bulletin board threaded discussion areas at any hour, or visit with classmates
and instructors remotely in chat rooms.
·
Different learning styles are addressed
and facilitation of learning occurs through varied activities.
·
Development of computer and Internet
skills that are transferable to other facets of learner’s lives.
·
Successfully completing online or
computer-based courses builds self-knowledge and self-confidence and encourages
students to take responsibility for their learning.
Disadvantages of
e-Learning
·
Unmotivated learners or those with poor
study habits may fall behind.
·
Lack of familiar structure and routine
may take getting used to.
·
Students may feel isolated or miss
social interaction.
·
Instructor may not always be available
on demand.
·
Slow or unreliable Internet connections
can be frustrating.
·
Managing learning software can involve
a learning curve.
·
Some courses such as traditional
hands-on courses can be difficult to simulate.
From the explanation above,
we are able to see that E-learning could be an alternative in teaching English.
However, when teachers decide to use E-learning as the technique in teaching
English, they need to consider some certain things such as weak students need
to have more reinforcement in using the internet, manage the software well,
make sure the internet connection works well before class, and you need to have
a reliable instructor. Therefore, students will enjoy the class.
Senin, 30 Maret 2015
Computer-assisted language learning (CALL)
(CALL)
Computer
– Assisted Language Learning (CALL) is an approach to language teaching and
learning in which computer technology is used as an aid to the presentation,
reinforcement and assessment of material to be learned, usually including a
substantial interactive element. (https://nurulumama.wordpress.com/2010/11/11/200/)
In
modernized areas of the world, almost every aspect of people’s lives is
affected in some way by computers. If you rely on retirement income, disability
checks from government, tax and insurance refunds, or a host of other such
payments, your receiving them is dependent on computers. If you are an
employee, chances are that your payroll checks are computerized. Computers keep
track of money deposited in banking institutions and the interest paid. They
control countless devices in modern homes, such as those that generate
electricity or purify water. They are a boon to doctors, clinics and hospitals
in diagnosing health problems – and saving lives. Computers are used to monitor
weather conditions and to keep airplanes from colliding in the air.
Computer
Assisted Language Learning (CALL) studies the role and the use of Information
and Communication Technologies (ICT) in second/foreign language learning and
teaching. It includes a wide range of activities spanning materials and
courseware development, pedagogical practice and research.
Typical
CALL programs present a stimulus to which the learner must respond. The
stimulus may be presented in any combination of text, still images, sound, and
motion video. The learner responds by typing at the keyboard, pointing and
clicking with the mouse, or speaking into a microphone. The computer offers
feedback, indicating whether the learner’s response is right or wrong, and in
the more sophisticated CALL programs, attempting to analyse the learner’s
response and to pinpoint errors. Branching to help and remedial activities is a
common feature of CALL programs.
Advantages and disadvantages of CALL
Many
educators indicate that the current computer technology has many advantages for
second language learning. The following are the advantages as stated by many
experts:
♦ Interest
and motivation
Classical
language teaching in classroom can be monotonous, boring, and even frustrating,
and students can loose interest and motivation in learning. CALL programmers
can provide student ways to learn English through Computer-assisted language learning (CALL)
computer games, animated
graphics, and problem-solving techniques which can make drills more interesting
(Ravichandran 2000).
♦ Individualization
CALL
allows learners to have non-sequential learning habit; they can decide on their
own which skills to develop and which course to use, as well as the speed and
level by their own needs.
♦ A
compatible learning style
Students
have different style of learning, and an incompatible style for students will
cause serious conflicts to them. Computer can provide an exciting “fast” drill
for one student and “slow” for another.
♦ Optimal
use of learning time
The
time flexibility of using computer enables students to choose appropriate
timing for learning. Winter (1997) in Kiliçkaya (2007) stressed the importance
of flexible learning, learning anywhere, anytime, anyhow, and anything you
want, which is very true for the web-based instruction and CALL. Learners are
given a chance to study and review the materials as many times they want
without limited time.
♦ Immediate
feedback
Students
receive maximum benefit from feedback only if it is given immediately. A
delayed positive feedback will reduce the encouragement and reinforcement, and
a delayed negative feedback affect the crucial knowledge a student must master.
Computer can give instant feedback and help the students ward off his
misconception at the very first stage. Brown (1997) in Kiliçkaya (2007) listed
the advantages of CALL as giving immediate feedback, allowing students at their
own pace, and causing less frustration among students.
♦ Error
analysis
Computer
database can be used by teacher to classify and differentiate the type of general
error and error on account of the influence of the first language. A computer
can analyze the specific mistakes that students made and can react in different
way from the usual teacher, which make students able to make self-correction
and understand the principle behind the correct solution. (Ravichandran, 2007)
♦ Guided
and repetitive practice
Students
have freedom of expression within certain bounds that programmers create, such
as grammar, vocabulary, etc. They can repeat the course they want to master as
many as they wish. According to Ikeda (1999) in Kiliçkaya (2007), drill-type
CALL materials are suitable for repetitive practice, which enable students to
learn concepts and key elements in a subject area.
♦ Pre-determined
to process syllabus
Computer
enhances the learning process from a pre-determined syllabus to an emerging or
process syllabus. For example, a monotonous paper exercise of
‘fill-in-the-blanks’ type can be made more exciting on the screen in the
self-access mode, and students can select their own material. Therefore, CALL
facilitates the synthesis of the pre-planned syllabus and learner syllabuses
“through a decision-making process undertaken by teacher and learners together”
(Breen 1986 in Ravichandran 2000).
Disadvantages of CALL
Although
there are many advantages of computer, the application of current computer
technology still has its limitations and disadvantages.
• Less-handy
equipment.
According
to Ansel et al (1992) in Hartoyo (2006, 31), the CAL program is different
from traditional books that can be carried around and studied wherever and
whenever they wish: on a train, at home, in the middle of the night, and so on.
School computers or language laboratory can only be accessed in restricted
hours, so CALL program only benefits people who have computers at home or
personal notebook.
• Increased
educational costs.
Gips,
DiMattia, and Gips (2004) in Lai (2006) indicated that CALL will increase
educational cost, since computers become a basic requirement for students to
purchase, and low-budget school and low income students cannot afford a
computer
• Lack
of trained teachers.
It
is necessary for teachers and students to have basic technology knowledge
before applying computer technology in second language teaching and learning.
Therefore, computers will only benefit those who are familiar with computer
technology (Roblyer 2003 in Lai 2006).
• Imperfect
current CALL programs
At
present, the software of CALL mainly deals with reading, listening, and writing
skills. There are some speaking programs have been developed recently, but
their functions are still limited. Warschauer (2004) in Lai (2006) stated that
a program should ideally be able to understand a user’s spoken input and
evaluate it not just for correctness but also for ‘appropriatness’. Speaking
program should be able to diagnose a learner’s problem with pronunciation,
syntax, or usage and then intelligently decide among a range of options.
• Inability
to handle unexpected situations
The
learning situation that a second-language learner faces are various and ever
changing. Computers merely have artificial intelligence, and it cannot deal
with learner’s unexpected learning problem or response to learner’s questions
immediately as teachers do. Blin (1994) in Lai (2006) stated that computer
technology with that degree do not exist, and are not expected to exist quite a
long time. In other words, today’s computer technology and its language
learning programs are not yet intelligent enough to be truly interactive.
CALL
has certain advantages and disadvantages and teachers should know the
strengths and weaknesses in applying CALL in ESL classrooms. In the end, we can
avoid the mistake in employing CALL program and get the maximum benefit for our
ESL teaching and learning.
Senin, 23 Maret 2015
ICT in Education
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can
contribute to universal access to education, equity in education, the delivery
of quality learning and teaching, teachers’ professional development and more
efficient education management, governance and administration.
The
field of education has been affected by ICTs, which have undoubtedly affected
teaching, learning and research (Yusuf, 2005). ICT increases the flexibility of
delivery of education so that learners can access knowledge anytime and from
anywhere. It can influence the way students are taught and how they learn as
now the processes are learner driven and not by teachers. This in turn would
better prepare the learners for lifelong learning as well as to improve the
quality of learning.
Access to
information and communication technology (ICT) in education can help
individuals compete in a global economy by creating a skilled workforce and
facilitating social mobility. Policymakers emphasise that ICT in education has
a multiplier effect throughout the education system, by:
- enhancing learning and providing students with
new sets of skills;
- reaching students with poor or no access
(especially in rural and remote regions);
- facilitating and improving the training of
teachers;
- minimising costs associated with the delivery of
traditional instruction; and
- improving the administration of schools in order
to enhance the quality and efficiency of service delivery.
In
teaching learning process there are also ways to make it more interesting of
course by using ICT. We can use like, for example :
1. 1. Wallwisher
Wallwisher is a simple in usage and effective tool easily
integrated with traditional language course. Some time ago it was challenging
and time consuming for teachers to prepare motivating communicative tasks.
Nowadays ICT tools provide us with a vast variety of opportunities to evolve
students. Undoubtedly, Wallwisher is among such bright tools. You can’t overdo
with it. This online notice board maker suits both for class activities and
homework. You need neither registration nor special skills to create your own
notice board.
2. 2. Prezi
Prezi is a U.S. software company, producing a cloud-based
presentation software and storytelling tool for presenting ideas on a virtual
canvas. The product employs a Zooming User Interface, which allows users to
zoom in and out of their presentation media, and allows users to display and
navigate through information within a 2.5D or parallax 3D space on the Z-axis.
Sabtu, 14 Maret 2015
Resume Multimedia and Internet
Multimedia and Internet
The other things we can do through in internet is e-commerce or electronic commerce. We can do such activity like communication as a seller and buyer by offering something to sell, online banking, online office suites, shopping cart software, electronic tickets, etc. Those kind of things are done by online. Anyone who can connect to internet can do those activity. Next is about HTML or Hyper Text Mark up Language. It is the basic building-blocks of webpages. It allows allows images and objects to be embedded and can be used to create interactive forms. Without html, a website will not be informative,presentable and cannot be recognized. Then is about Hypertext. It is like an information as a linked network of nodes which readers are free to browse. We as the user can directly go the content of links we want. Almost same next is about hypertext and hyper media. It is about Web pages and other kinds of on-screen content that employ hyperlinks. It is also about the presentation of video, animation, and audio, which are often referred to as “dynamic” or “time based” content or as “multimedia”. Hypermedia is the generalization of hypertext to include other kinds of media: images, audio clips and video clips are typically supported in addition to text.
After having the things above the next one is that we have to know about management information system. It is very important to business. It is where the input, process and output take place. It serves as a guide for business workers to be responsible enough in making decisions and performing their jobs.
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